Erin L. Funk asked me an excellent question a few weeks ago, and after some digging, I'm here to answer it. Her question:
Does the percentage of space devoted to each of the three acts change for a second or third book if you're writing a trilogy? Seeing as you have less world building to do and are working with established characters, wouldn't the action start up quicker in book two, meaning your first act would be shorter and the catalyst could happen sooner?
So, the answer is no. No matter what book in a series - the first, third, seventh, etc. - the space devoted to each of the three acts does not change. Here's why. Yes, in a series, you don't have to introduce characters or build a world from scratch. You do, however, have to introduce the character as they are at the beginning of this story and build the world of this story.
Uh, what?
Yeah, I do better with examples. Let's go to Harry Potter since it's so well known.
Book One, Sorcerer's Stone: Act I takes about exactly the first 25% of the book. Act II begins with Hagrid ushering Harry into Diagon Alley.
Book Two, Chamber of Secrets: Act I takes exactly 25% of the book. Act II begins with Harry and Ron caught after flying into the Hogwarts Grounds on the first night back to school.
Book Three, Prisoner of Azkaban: Act I takes exactly 25% of the book. Act II begins with Harry's first day back at Hogwarts, where he meets Professor Trelawney (who plays a major role in this book, remember).
Book Four, Goblet of Fire: Act I takes exactly 25% of the book. Act II begins with Harry's first night back at Hogwarts, where he learns about the Triwizard Tournament.
Book Five, Order of the Phoenix: Act I takes exactly 25% of the book. Act II begins with Harry's first night back at Hogwarts, where Professor Umbridge makes her "everything will be different now that I'm here" speech.
Anyone else see the pattern?
Okay, but what if I'm not writing such a formulaic, one book for every year of school plot?
Doesn't matter. Rowling didn't spend 25% of each book rehashing info that we knew from previous books. She used that time to build suspense, introduce new characters, and build new areas of the existing world.
That's what you have to do, too, if you're writing a series. Because, yes, you've already introduced us to your characters (or, most of them). And yes, we've been in this world. But this world should look different in book two, three, or nine. Why? Because your hero's outlook MUST be changed, however slightly, with each book. And your hero should have changed his world in some way in each book.
Look at the Hunger Games trilogy. By the end of book one, Katniss and Peeta are victors. So in book two, Catching Fire, Katniss and Peeta are back in District 12, but they're not back to life as they know it. They live in mansions, have food and money, are "famous," and are under scrutiny from the Capitol for the stunt they pulled in book one. Katniss never really leaves the games at all. She's just playing a bigger one in book two. And all of that has to be set up in the first 25%.
Now for the second part of the question: Wouldn't the action start up quicker in book two, meaning your first act would be shorter and the catalyst could happen sooner?
The answer to this is also no. I say this because the action should start quickly in every story, be it book one or book twelve. Remember, an inciting incident and a catalyst are two different things. The inciting incident is what sets your story in motion. The catalyst is when something changes/something is revealed. Breaking into the Exotic World of Act II is when the main character takes action with or against or because of the catalyst.
The inciting incident of Sorcerer's Stone is when Harry frees a boa.
The catalyst is when Hagrid breaks down his door and says, "Yer a wizard, Harry."
Act I ends/Act II begins when Hagrid welcomes Harry into Diagon Alley.
The inciting incident in Chamber of Secrets is when Dobby visits Harry and warns him not to go back to school.
The catalyst is when Harry and Ron can't get through the barrier between platforms 9 and 10.
Act I ends/Act II begins when Harry and Ron get to school but get in trouble for how they arrived.
The inciting incident in Order of the Phoenix is when the dementors attack Harry and Dudley.
The catalyst is when Harry is cleared of all charges, upsetting Fudge and Umbridge.
Act I ends/Act II begins when Umbridge comes to Hogwarts to interfere on behalf of the ministry.
Now, here's where it gets tricky. When you're writing a trilogy, book one, in its entirety, should be ACT ONE of the overall story. Book two, in its entirety, should be ACT TWO of the overall story. Book three should be ACT THREE of the overall story. Yes, each book should have three acts all their own. But successful trilogies and close-ended series must have an over-arcing story that also has a beginning, middle, and end.
Let's use The Hunger Games as an example of a three act structure over the course of a trilogy here. *SPOILERS AHEAD*
The over-arching story of this trilogy is about the rise of a young girl who becomes the face of a revolution that falls a corrupt society.
Book One, The Hunger Games - Act I: Katniss wins the games, setting her up to be the face of the revolution. Also, this is, overall, the ordinary world of her story. She's always known about the Hunger Games and what they are. No, she's never played them before, but they've always been a part of her world.
Book Two, Catching Fire - Act II: Katniss enters the exotic world of Act II. She goes from being poor and hungry and fighting to survive to being rich, powerful, and fighting to survive. She begins to play a games with the Capitol, with her friends and family, to stay alive. She learns about riots and District 13 and things she had no clue existed before.
Book Three, Mockingjay - Act III: Katniss and the resistance go through the steps of the Finale that is Act III until at last they've won the battle with the Capitol.
And finally, let's use Harry Potter as an example of a three act structure over a close-ended series:
The over-arching story of the series is Harry v. Voldemort.
Book One, Sorcerer's Stone: The Inciting Incident. Harry returns to the wizarding world after 10 years living with Muggles. Voldemort reveals himself after 10 years of lying low.
Book Two, Chamber of Secrets: The Set Up. Harry learns about Voldemort's past (through the diary), clues are planted for the future (again, the diary), and Harry learns and grows in preparation for the day he might have to battle Voldemort again.
Book Three, Prisoner of Azkaban: Enter The Exotic World of Act II: Harry enters a world where not all is what it seems. His godfather isn't a murderer. Ron's pet isn't a pet. And prophesies come true that will lead to the rise of Voldemort.
Book Four, Goblet of Fire: Fun and Games and The Midpoint. Literal games (Triwizard Tournament) that draw Harry closer and closer to his enemy. Then, at the exact center of the series, the end of this book, Voldemort rises again. Harry (and Dumbledore and Sirius, for that matter) publicly stand up to the enemy.
Book Five, Order of the Phoenix: Bad Guys Close In. The Ministry does everything in their power to stop Harry and Dumbledore. Voldemort does everything in his power to use Harry for his own purposes (the Hall of Prophesies).
Book Six, The Half Blood Prince: Crisis. Dumbledore dies. Voldemort is triumphant.
Book Seven, The Deathly Hallows: Act III/The Finale. Harry is proactively trying to destroy Voldemort. Huge battle. Voldemort falls. Harry triumphs.
In a nutshell: every story must have a beginning, middle, and end. Even if it's in the middle of a long string of stories. And every long string of close-ended stories must have an over-arching beginning, middle, and end.
Whew! That was a mouthful!
I'm taking next week off for "Spring Break." I'll be back in April with more Writing 101, critiques, and interviews! But I will be over on Meradeth Houston's blog on March 27th! Hope to see you there!
Until next time, keep it Fresh As A...